Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Fecal Microbiota, Nutritional Status, Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of multispecies probiotic supplementation (specifically designed for the present study) on fecal microbiota, nutritional status, metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Adult individuals (35 to 75 years old) of both sexes with T2DM (diagnosed at least 1 year ago), body mass index from 25.00 kg/m² to 39.99 kg/m², glycated hemoglobin ≤ 9.0% and using metformin will be invited to participate in this randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind study. The participants will be randomized into two groups: G1 - probiotic group and G2 - control group (placebo). The study will consist of two experimental time points: M0 - baseline and start of supplementation; M1 - after 12 weeks of the first outpatient visit and start of supplementation. In the two experimental moments, individual fecal samples will be obtained for analysis of the fecal microbiota; The metabolic parameters will be assessed by determination of circulating levels of SCFA, FFA, insulin, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR; Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides; the inflammatory response will be assessed by determination of plasma indicadors (LPS, Adiponectina, IL-10, IL-1, IL-6, TNF- α, Leptina, Resistina) ; besides the evaluation of indicators of nutritional status (bone densitometry with body composition and anthropometric measurements). The primary endpoint will be the fecal microbiota composition, SCFA concentrations and the inflammatory parameters.